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P. 7	Dostoevsky's suicide (Continuation) 3 But it is time to get a grasp, at last, of Dostoevsky's the fullest and detailed memoirs on morning on December, 22nd, 1849 in a statement-retelling of the hero of the novel "Idiot": «This person of times has been cocked, together with others, on a scaffold, and the death penalty sentence rasstreljaniem, for a political crime has been read it. Minutes through twenty the pardon has been read also, and other degree of punishment is appointed; but however in an interval between two sentences, twenty minutes, or at least a quarter of hour, he has lived under doubtless belief, that in some minutes he suddenly will die. <…> it remembered all with neobyknovennoju clearness and said, that never anything from these minutes will forget. (And it so, but here quantity eshafotnyh minutes for some reason all time menjaetsja-varies, and it suggests, that for Dostoevsky time during that moment has absolutely changed a course, became is not subject usual account-calculation as before epilepticheskim an attack when, similarly Magometu, it is possible for a second to examine-study all open spaces of paradise. Further the story-teller-vospominatel in the novel as we will see, and at all starts to dispose of time, to stretch and condense minute, as if soglasujas with the future theory of a relativity of Einstein, indefinitely. — N. N) Steps to twenty from a scaffold about which there were people and soldiers, three columns as criminals was some person have been dug. Three first have led to columns, have adhered, have put on them a mortal suit (white, long loose overalls), and over eyes have pulled it white caps that it was not visible guns; then against each column the command from several persons of soldiers was built. My acquaintance stood the eighth by turns, so, it had to go to columns to the third turn. (Dostoevsky on a scaffold stood the sixth and got to the second turn together with Durov and Pleshcheevym. — N. N) The priest has bypassed all with a cross. Left, that it is necessary to live minutes five, it is no more. He said, that these five minutes seemed to it infinite term, huge riches; it seemed to it, that these five minutes he will live so much lives, that else now there is nothing and to think about last instant so it still different has made orders: has timed to be excused with companions, on it has put minute two, then two minutes has still put to think last time about itself, and then that last time around to have a look. <…> he died twenty seven (! — N. N) the years, healthy and strong; being excused with companions, it remembered, that to one of them has asked extraneous enough question and even has very much become interested in the answer. (Dostoevsky's two minidialogues on a scaffold and both at all on an extraneous theme are fixed in memoirs. « Cannot be, that us executed », — he has told to Durov, and that silently has specified a hand in a cart covered with a bast mat, believing, that coffins there lay — actually there there were prisoner suits. And to Speshnevu Dostoevsky, having recollected-having mentioned before it« Last day … »Victor Hugo, has addressed with semiexclamation-semiquestion in French:« Nous serons avec le Christ "/" We will be together with the Christ »/ –« Un peu de poussière "/" ashes Handful »/, — that has answered with an ugly smile. — N. N) Then, when he was excused with companions, those two minutes have come, which it has counted to think about itself(himself); it foreknew, of what he will think: to it all was to be imagined, as soon as possible and more brightly, that here is how it so: it is now and lives, and in three minutes there will be already something, someone or something, — so who? Where? All it he thought these two minutes to solve! Not far there was a church, and top of a cathedral with pozolochennoju a roof sparkled on the bright sun, It remembered, that awfully persistently looked at this roof and on beams, from it sparkling; could not come off beams: its new nature seemed to it, that these beams, that it chrez somehow will merge three minutes with them … Uncertainty and disgust from this new which will be and now will come, were awful; but he says, that nothing for it at this time it was heavy, as continuous thought: " That if not to die! That if to turn back a life, — what infinity! And all it would be mine! I then every minute in the whole century have turned, anything would not lose, every minute the bill would count, anything would not spend for nothing! "He said, that this thought at it at last in such rage has regenerated, that it would like, that it have more soon shot …» What is it Dostoevsky's agonal thoughts easily proves to be true in the lines from his letter to the brother written on evening of the same day: «As I will look back on the past yes I will think, how much it is spent time for nothing, how much it was gone in errors, in errors, in idleness, in inability to live; as I did not value it …» And, by the way, having torn off unexpectedly and this story, Myshkin on question Aglai, what for it all has told it to them, the prince asserts, what to it casually this another's story was remembered, suddenly, to conversation, and admits, besides, that he «this scene in a dream saw, whether these five minutes saw …» Well the assumption proves to be true these statements of the hero of the novel, what at the moment of job over this chapter in next anniversary from the date of execution petrashevtsev Dostoevsky about it recollected and even again has gone through these «five minutes» in a dream? The people not so expert in the literature, consider Dostoevsky as the writer severe, heavy, gloomy, frightening, painful and the fan of pathological naturalism. Whether well it is possible, similar readers so it is detailed consider and with such awful details oppressing mentality to describe an execution scene?. Well, it is possible to result here a small fragment, as though for comparison-comparison, from the text «Last day …» Victor Hugo — the prose writer-romanticist and the poet: «… in the end of September in prison, to one prisoner who was easy playing cards, were with the statement, that in two hours he should die; the person was captured by a shiver — half a year him was not recollected, and he considered, that the terrible penalty passed it; it obstrigli, obrili, have connected, ispovedali, then have planted on a cart and with four gendarmes on each side have carried through crowd of gapers to the place of execution. Till now all went, as usually as it is necessary. About a scaffold the executioner has accepted the sufferer from hands of the priest, has dragged it on a scaffold, has adhered to a board, — speaking to penal servitude language,« has put in pawn in the furnace », — and has lowered a knife. The heavy iron triangle has hardly moved from a place, every second jamming, has spread downwards and — here where the present horror begins — has not killed, but only has wounded the unfortunate. Having heard its desperate shout, the executioner has become puzzled, has lifted a knife and has lowered again. The knife was again stuck into a neck of the martyr, but has not chopped it. Crowd shouts have joined cries of the unfortunate. The executioner has again tightened a knife up, counting, that the third blow will appear successful. Not at all. Blood in third time has rushed from a neck sentenced, but the head has not flown away. To put it briefly — five times rose and the knife fell, five times was stuck into a neck sentenced, and after each blow the sentenced let out a desperate cry, pulled still not taken down head and asked about mercy! The people, not having endured this mockery, have begun to stone the executioner. The executioner has come off a scaffold and has hidden for loshadmi gendarmes. But it yet all. Condemned, having seen, that it on a scaffold one, how much could has risen from a board and, standing so, terrible, filled in with blood, supporting half chopped off head which overhung to it on a shoulder, hardly an audible voice begged to untie it. The crowd, having executed by compassion, was going to was to push aside gendarmes and to rescue the sufferer, five times undergone a death penalty, but during this instant improvised the executioner, small years of twenty, has risen on a scaffold, ordered sentenced to lay down prone that it was more convenient to untie it, and itself, having used trustfulness dying, has jumped to it on a back and has begun to cut ineptly the rest of a neck something like a kitchen knife … » But also yet everything, it is possible to repeat it after Hugo for further it it is short, but not less vpechatljajushche results one more zapredelno an awful scene: «Three months ago in Dijon executed the woman. (The woman!) and this time the mechanism of doctor Gilotena operated is faulty. The head has not been chopped off at once. Then improvised the executioner have seized the woman for feet and, under desperate cries unfortunate, until then pulled and pulled, yet have not torn off a head from a trunk …» Dostoevsky was involved, apparently, not with these really shock and extremely naturalistic scenes from Hugo foreword in the story «Last day sentenced to death», and the story where the execution scene is not described at all and action comes to an end, when the hero-condemned man needs to live some more instants, and he still hopes any miracle to be rescued. In scenes from the foreword all is described from the point of view of the spectator (as later and at Turgeneva in «Execution Tropmana»), in the story the inwardness of the hero, its thought, its perception of an event, its private world, worrying deadly accident is passed-is shown. Such way-method of the letter is calculated not on an outer effect, not on shchekotanie nerves of the reader, and on empathy, on meditations, on, perhaps, philosophical reflexions about a life and death, about finiteness of own destiny, about the behaviour in similar — eshafotnoj — situations at least hypothetically. It is thought, and young Dostoevsky (he for the first time has met with «Last afternoon …», most likely, when to it was not also seventeen — in the letter to brother Michael from August, 9th, 1838 he asserts, that has read all Victor Hugo, except "Cromwell" and "Gernani"), with its talent to get used to another's world to reincarnate internally in the hero of product when absorbed-absorbed the story of the French writer, — completely identified itself with sentenced, imagined as though vjave the ascension on a scaffold. Whether it could then to assume, that through any ten years he to the full will test-will experience personally a condition of last day sentenced to death! Completely not casually he recollects Hugo this story directly on a scaffold, before execution, yet not knowing about the pardon, and practically quotes literally separate lines from it in the letter to the brother written on evening of the same fatal day on December, 22nd, 1849. And, probably, when in 1860, already having behind shoulders this personal eshafotnyj experience, Dostoevsky even more steadfastly also it is biassed got a grasp of the text «Last day …» when looked through and edited new transfer of this product of Victor Hugo, made (it is probable, under its help) brother Michael for magazine "Светоч". And its extremely high opinion on this masterpiece of the French author never standing on a scaffold, has not changed till the end of a life. Russian writer will recollect-mention him further and time and again in the products, «the Diary of the writer», letters; Hugo this story in any measure auknetsja in «Notes from the Dead house», «Notes from an underground», a "Crime and punishment" and especially in "Mild" where in the foreword «From the author» Dostoevsky directly will interface the "fantastic" form of the story to product of the French writer-romanticist and here will designate-will name «Last day sentenced to a death penalty» (so at Dostoevsky) a masterpiece and «most realnejshim and the most most truthful product from all it written». Well, and as Hugo story has sprouted in the text of "Idiot", speech at us just went.  I.Volgin in the book «Last year Dostoevsky» asserts, that Dostoevsky worried a death penalty three times: on a scaffold ("from within"), in "Idiot" ("artly") and the spectator on execution Mlodetsky («from the party»). I Will dare to correct slightly here conclusions respected dostoevskoveda and teachers (in student's years I could visit spetsseminar Igor Leonidovicha on Dostoevsky), which itself it is literally for two pages before fairly mentions-underlines ability of the writer «to get used to another's condition, in another's mental world, to see in the friend equivalent life with myself». But, undoubtedly, this ability extended and on reading-perception of another's texts by it (the same «Last day …», «Executions Tropmana», newspaper reports on themes of executions), and at memoirs on morning on December, 22nd, 1849 he, absolutely undoubtedly, worried a condition executed, these awful ten minutes, each time as though anew from the first until the last second … It is necessary to recognise, that that terrible performance on the Semyonovsky parade-ground has been put-is played extremely talently and remembered for all life not only to participants-executors, but also, to possibly, many spectators. The authorship of idea belonged to Sergey I is it, despite sentence softening, has enjoined to declare the pardon only in the latest second when condemned will test-will go through all agonal horror. In the higher offices the Project of a carrying out of a sentence over the condemned malefactors »has been made«, some kind of the scenario in which it is detailed and in details stage settings rasstrelnogo actions have been registered: And how to carry criminals to an execution place and as them to dress, and what fraction drums and even the sizes of a scaffold should beat have thought over in advance, and that, God forbid, will not suffice the executioner of a place … Script writers for pushchego effect even have provided a stage setting in which from the condemned break their own «mundirnuju clothes» and put on them white loose overalls of condemned men though such ceremony relied only at shameful execution through hanging. Have not forgotten and about a role of the priest, its executor has met condemned at a scaffold in a mourning cassock, with a cross and the Gospel and then, calling them to an agonal confession and a cross kissing, has heartlessly disseminated their last hopes — unless it is possible to joke with a cross? All it more than severely. But, on the other hand, to the author gloomy eshafotnogo performance Dostoevsky is obliged not only a life, but also, in any measure, the subsequent destiny. With the consent of the tsar has put petrashevtsev already after the death sentence of the Military-judgement commission renounces-is passed suddenly, contrary to rules, it is formal in more lowest instance — general аудиториат which reconsiders sentences and defines, in particular, to Dostoevsky deprivation of all rights of conditions and eight years of a hard labour. And the new verdict though outwardly also is less terrible, but has been made given more reason and it is convincing: to Dostoevsky attempt, together with other, to distribution of compositions against the government, by means of house lithograph … »was charged not only« distribution of the letter of writer Belinsky filled with impudent expressions against orthodox church and the Supreme power », but also« And here Sergey I has shown again inexplicable favour to the fallen writer, having traced on definition general аудиториата the highest resolution: «For 4 years and then the private soldier», that returned to Dostoevsky after punishment departure the civil rights, unlike katorzhan with full term. Clearly, why in our conversation on a suicide in a life and creativity of the writer a lot of place is given morning on December, 22nd, 1849: never neither to nor after Dostoevsky did not stand, was not so close to death, did not worry it so really, did not prepare so carefully by last minute (behind an exception, certainly, the present death hour in the end of January, 1881). It — first. And secondly, in one of glavok «Introductions in a theme») already there was at us a conversation that all political conspirators, participants of secret circles, revolutionaries and especially terrorists are suicides for meaningly put for the sake of idea and political strike on a map an own life in any measure. Activity petrashevtsev, thanks to agent-informer Antonelli, has been stopped almost right at the beginning, and participants of a circle of Durov and at all practically in a germ, however intentions of conspirators were more than are serious and obviously progressed to more and more cardinal actions-acts — up to revolution. At least, so Dostoevsky confirmed, hiring-inviting the close companion of poet A.N.Maykov in a secret circle. Both more cautious and far-sighted Maykov has very reasonably warned the friend: they, conspirators, «go on obvious  destruction», that is, simply speaking, on suicide, — and tried to dissuade Dostoevsky from this disastrous way for it, poets, writers, people not practical, to do in political strike there is nothing. Well at all their this business! And, at Maykov slips in memoirs very much a multisignificant stroke, prorochesko-ominous comparison: Dostoevsky during this conversation sat on bed (he spent the night at Maykov) «as the dying Socrat before friends, in a night (red) shirt with not clasped collar». Young Dostoevsky's this comparison-comparison in a shirt of the bloody colour dreaming of revolt and struggle, against the Ancient Greek philosopher-suicide who has just accepted, on a sentence, poison, — has ominous sense in a retrospective show and rather impresses. The author of "Poor people» by miracle remained is live. Having sustained ten minutes on a scaffold, he as though anew was born on light. It is literally. Physically. Has revived from the dead!. 4 Its raging emotions, the enthusiastically-exclamatory letter to brother Michael written right after to execution, was quoted in dostoevskovedenii already innumerable quantity of times, therefore we will recollect only, that in him the writer greedily tells-passes to the loved one (… last minute you, only one you, were in my mind, I here only have learnt how I like you, the brother my darling! ») to a detail utreshnego eshafotnogo actions also informs-formulates the new program-destiny: to live! And in penal servitude — to live!« A life everywhere a life, a life in ourselves, instead of in the external. »The main thing — to live among people and to remain the person among people …« the Life — gift, a life — happiness … » But Dostoevsky would not be Dostoevsky if and at the moment of the highest delight did not remember and "shade", about «the gloomy parties» lives and in the future of the destiny. He, certainly, splashing out in the letter to the brother of emotion, has already a presentiment and even knows likely — physical returning by a life, revival from dead yet does not mean and does not guarantee cloudless happiness till the end of the granted days. «Never before, — he assures Michael, — such plentiful and healthy stocks of a spiritual life did not boil in me as now …» However, here and the burdensome alarm-preimage breaks: «But whether will take out a body: I do not know. I go unhealthy, at me zolotuha …» And already in the end of the letter, not restraining any more, again and again about the concealed alarm: «Ah! kaby health! <…> Kaby only to save health!.» Dostoevsky's alarm-melancholy is clear: penal servitude and weak physical health — two things not joint. But frightens even more, the future katorzhanina the thought-alarm even more capitally oppresses, that its revival was occurred-has happened only half, partially, not up to the end. In its shower there was a sensation, that execution over it nevertheless has come true, and it at once after is optimistical-vigorous exclamations, that-de it «is not sad and has not lost courage» and «the life everywhere» suddenly writes-adds a life in the letter: «Yes the truth! That head which created, a vein vyssheju zhizniju arts which soznala and has got used to raised requirements of the spirit, that head is cut already off from my shoulders …» Here still where has sparkled — a guillotine knife! Here when the future author of "Idiot", as over it «has still heard-has experienced iron skliznulo»! He has stood five minutes under execution, but sensations of the person, for a quarter of second to death heard awful «Pli!» And a gun volley, — remained outside of its creativity. He personally saw-observed, how suffered-died in badly soaped loop Mlodetsky, but anywhere in writing and has not given a hint at it. About gilotirovanii, cutting of a head from shoulders he knew only oposredovanno, under certificates of other people, but the description of execution by means of a guillotine knife-axe in "Idiot" is simply overflowed, it is possible to tell, by personal impressions — were recollected, it is visible, in all ugly details suffocating kazematnye dreams, which then, in 1849 also mixed up with oppressing thoughts-fears on the violent creative death. All the same execution has taken place. The head is cut off from shoulders. And hopes of a rebirth in it, the creative-creative plan, — it is extreme zybki. «Really never I will take a feather in hands! <…> how much the images survived, created by me again, will be lost, will die away in my head or a poison in blood will spread! Yes, if it will be impossible to write, I will be lost …» The literature and life, creativity and destiny for it — concepts-synonyms. Without creativity, out of the literature Dostoevsky did not think of the existence. It is better — death. But it yet does not lose hope of full revival. One of petrashevtsev,  A.I.Palm, recollected, that Dostoevsky before sending to Siberia was «vigorous, almost cheerful and any light, believing», he even has declared optimistically: «Four years of penal servitude, then soldatchina — all the nonsense, trifles, will pass, and our future!.» However, subsequently, the post factum, a place of the four-year-old stay after physical revival it will name metaphorically, but is absolutely unequivocal — the Dead house. Any writer by a rank more low and talent more liquid, like, for example,  I.I.Panaeva, finish to it to go through penal servitude, quite could entitle the vospominatelnoe product even more brightly and effectively: « Notes from a crypt "," Notes from a tomb »or even« Notes from a next world ». And many acquaintances-friends already soon after disappearance of the author« Poor people "and" netochki nezvanovoj »from Petersburg have forgotten the majority of readers about him at all, have buried alive. As the original certificate the novel of a certain Field of the Grimm« Secrets of an imperial court yard of times of Sergey I »where one of heroes and under the surname deduces and« the noble poet »Dostoevsky, the participant of a secret society of conspirators can serve it. Feodor Mihajlovich, being abroad, read in 1868 in French this novel, applying to be historically truthful and documentary, and from it he has learnt with surprise and indignation, that, Dostoevsky, appears, many years back on road to Siberia … have died-was lost But still, maybe, more characterises Dostoevsky's premature "burial" by a society the following literary fact. The same Panaev the New Poet next and as always has published in 12th number of "Contemporary" for 1855 under a pseudonym the brisk feuilleton «Literary idols and kumirchiki». Oh he also has mocked from all democratic soul at Dostoevsky who at this time, having left penal servitude, pulled the same unbearable strap soldatchiny in Semipalatinsk. Ivan Ivanovich scoffed with might and main, describing as they, the present writers, have ruined on imprudence of this arisen «the small genius», have made it accidentally "kumirchikom", and he began to demand to carry it on hands, yes all «above! Above!» And eventually the New Poet regrets-sighs: «Kumirchik we began to talk nonsense absolutely and has soon been overthrown us from a pedestal and absolutely forgotten … Poor! We have ruined it!.» Panaev writes about Dostoevsky not simply as about dead, left of this (capital) and in general to a literary and physical life, but as about the person who entirely has disappeared even from memory of readers. Certainly, Panaev is Panaev, it to its address Belinsky has somehow mentioned supposedly from such lacks as at that «дóлжно to correct people gilotinoju» (here to our conversation vyrazhenitse!). And poet N.F.ShCherbina also has at all destroyed Ivan Ivanovicha lifetime (1860 ) a terrible epigram-epitafiej and already in the first line has as though corrected the Panaeva-feuilletonist, having ascertained to whom actually already and during lifetime the respect of national memory did not shine: «Lays here, tasting usual rest of uncertainty,//Panashka, the public maid of the Russian literature» … Yes, Panaev was Panaevym. But its disgusting lampoon on Dostoevsky has appeared in "Contemporary", probably, with the consent of Nekrasov … In a February issue "Epoch" for 1865 when poor creature Panaev herself and really already rovnyohonko as three years umre, having sunk absolutely and up to the end in bottomless to Summer, appears has started to lead Dostoevsky «Unusual event, or the Passage in the Passage» ("Crocodile"). On the author charges (from giving Kraevsky) at once fell down, that-de it okarikaturil-has derided the arrested person Chernyshevsky. Dostoevsky later, in «the Diary of the writer» (1873) has indignantly denied such invectives — it which were katorzhanin, was capable to write "pashkvil" on other prisoner and the exiled?! The author of "Crocodile" very much regretted, that then, without delay, is loud and pechatno did not protest against a spiteful it spiteful and immoral mock. However, it has left at once this ill-fated story, did not begin to continue-finish it. Has played in it the role, certainly, and "Epoch" closing-termination on same number, but in Dostoevsky's draught records detailed enough bastings-plans of continuation «Unusual event …» so the author cannot finish product were saved. It to do it did not become, that even theoretically and in another's eyes not to fall to level of the cheerful scoffer of the New Poet. However, in its published variant Dostoevsky did not renounce the story at all, not feeling behind itself of any fault and with quiet conscience has switched on it in meeting of the compositions (1865), not assuming even, that soon in "Contemporary" will curse its novel a "Crime and punishment" (  G.Z.Yeliseyev) only from revenge for "Crocodile", for «pashkvilnuju allegory» on Chernyshevsky, and that to it again, already pechatno, it is necessary to be justified as though for «the Passage in the Passage» in some years in "DP" when offensive noise round "Demons" … will be made By the way, in Dostoevsky's creative biography three products, already a part published, and remained not finished, that is a unique, unprecedented case in history, possibly, the world literature. And each time job over the manuscript was broken, so to say, by a supernumerary, boundary situation: in 1849 («netochka nezvanova») — arrest, a scaffold, penal servitude; in 1865 ("Crocodile") —  destruction of "Epoch", charge in immorality, debt penal servitude; in 1881 («Brothers Karamazovy») — physical death. But also in cases with «netochkoj nezvanovoj» and "Crocodile" it is possible to speak in any measure about death of the author for both in that, and in other cases as though stopped former and began new and it is perfect other life of the writer. Dostoevsky's all creativity in this plan very easily and convincingly shares for three periods: early — from «Poor people» to «netochki nezvanovoj»; Transitive — from «the Small hero» to "Crocodile" and the period «great pjatiknizhija» — from a "Crime and punishment" to «Brothers Karamazovyh». Three creative destinies in one. 5 «Suicides betray themselves death, but anybody yet did not betray itself(himself) to penal servitude …» It would be tempting to itself to attribute such convincing and impressing formulation, but these words belong to count N S.Mordvinovu — to the only thing, by the way, from members of the Supreme criminal court, refused in 1826 to sign the death sentence to Decembrists. Really, penal servitude — is worse than death. This that place where not only it is easily possible to be lost, but also — samoubitsja. If Dostoevsky has not gone through penal servitude, we never would learn its thoughts, feelings, experiences, its inwardness of that period — it has been sentenced to unbearable term without the correspondence right. But we, fortunately, have «Notes from the Dead house» and memoirs of associates of the writer on plank beds. And so, from these sources we learn, that in penal servitude Dostoevsky at least was on the very brink of  destruction twice and has avoided death only by miracle yes the Divine craft. The episode described in «the Dead house», was occurred-has happened in the first day of stay of Dostoevsky in a jail. One of most, as though we have now told, the abrupt convicts Gazin, absolutely drunk, has become hollow in kitchen where Dostoevsky with a companion (Durov) sat on the brink of a table. « This Gazin was an awful being. It made upon all terrible, painful impression. Always it seemed to me, that could be nothing svirepee, it is more monstrous than it. <…> it was sometimes represented to me, that I see before myself a huge, giant spider, from the person velichinoju … »And this awful Gazin suddenly from the first mutno-drunk sight has begun to hate fierce hatred of two new unbearable"dvorjanchikov", drinking in ostrozhnoj to kitchen teas. Again this ill-fated tea! Truly, it was in Dostoevsky's life-destiny any fetishizirovannym a fatal drink: because of it there were conflicts to the parent, it hardly was was not a cause of death of the author of" Poor people »in a jail and eventually tea has accelerated in any measure and death of the writer … However, about it speech ahead for now we will return to unbearable kitchen. Gazin has clung to tea. «— And allow to ask <…>, you from what incomes will desire to drink teas here? <…> and unless you then in penal servitude have come, that teas to drink? You to drink teas have come? Yes speak, that you!.» The right, on a scaffold Dostoevsky, it is possible to assume, felt cosier, than during that moment. We will present only vjave this picture: it, thin, small, painful, emaciated a casemate and oppressed unusual gloomy conditions of a jail yes besides sitting on a bench, as though already from below upwards looking at the offender, and that has hung over it all huge hulk, enraged, awfully strong («additions gerkulesovskogo»), severe and ruthless — Gazin liked this on an ox to cut small children «from pleasure», slowly, enjoying tortures of a small victim. Dostoevsky with a companion have decided to keep silent, but it only have even more enraged Gazina: it has flushed, was began to tremble-has begun to shake from an attack of other-wordly furiousness, has seized enormous selnitsu (a tray for bread) and has flapped upwards … Even an instant and the drunk creature would shatter heads of unfortunate victims, but, into their happiness, shout was suddenly distributed: «Gazin! Wine have stolen!», — that has banged selnitsu about a floor and has rushed from kitchen. The god has rescued! It was repeated-repeated then by prisoners who at the moment of incident kept silence — whether from fear, whether as Dostoevsky has counted, because of hatred to them, to noblemen, «iron noses». Yes, the God this time has rescued. Another time, when Dostoevsky laid in prison hospital of the Omsk fortress with a pneumonia, from inevitable death it was rescued … by a dog. That case was even more wild, ridiculous and mean. The author of "the Dead house» has for some reason held back him, and it became known to general public from S.Tokarzhevskogo's book "Katorzhane" to which Feodor Mihajlovich and has told it. Doctor Borisov who sympathised with the author of "Poor people», has left day on four services on affairs and before departure has left-has presented to Dostoevsky three roubles (besides, on good tea!). Its neighbour in cots convict Lomov has noticed, as three desired roubles have been hidden under a pillow. By the way, at once it is necessary to note two moments. First, appearance and characteristic Lomova — they surprisingly remind gazinskie: « Lomov on appearance was Oat-flakes, but with a disgusting, repellent physiognomy and furious eyes. About it said, that it is capable to kill any person if only tsenoju murder to be treated with vodka … »Is thought, for Dostoevsky Gazin and Lomov not that that were looked by brothers-twins, and have simply merged in uniform disgusting and mortally dangerous paukoobraznoe a being. Secondly, vital, household naivety of the writer-psychologist, the writer-seer should amaze. By then it was in a jail already enough and knew perfectly, that gaziny-lomovy are capable to kill the person not that that for three roubles, — for a ten-kopeck coin, for copeck, for a bulb. But, nevertheless, on eyes of neighbour Dostoevsky hides valuable-invaluable (especially in a jail!) the bank note under a flat hospital pillow. Some more characters participated in this ominous performance: the medical assistant and attendant Antonych — accomplices Lomova, on the one hand, and homeless mongrel Suango whom Dostoevsky has lured-has caressed, for what grateful sobachentsija adored it to madness, — with another. And here for a supper to the sick writer-katorzhaninu, the happy owner tryohrublyovogo treasures, Antonych has brought in a milk bowl. Lomov for some reason with the intense, strengthened attention watches each movement of the neighbour as if for something waits. Dostoevsky has solved there was, that that, the poor fellow, intends to ask for it milk and already wished to share in all sincerity, as suddenly (at Dostoevsky and with Dostoevsky always — suddenly!) Into the slightly opened door has rushed Suango, has jumped on a bed of the benefactor, vyshib from its hands misochku and has drunk up-has pinched spread milk. Tarried Antonych has thrown out a dog on street where she soon as delicate doctor Borisov has informed then to Dostoevsky, and «has ceased to live» — milk has appeared poisoned … Well, than not a plot for the small story? However the writer not only with such tempting plot has not created separate product, but as it was already spoken, even for some reason has not switched on this episode in «the Note from the Dead house», as though having presented its Tokarzhevsky completely and for ever. But it is logical will and assume, that similar deadly episodes-cases with Dostoevsky in ostrozhnyj the period could be yet one and not two, but they remained behind frameworks of all and all memoirs, are covered, as brisk novelists, an uncertainty gloom write. It is possible to guess them only. As it is necessary to guess-guess and an episode with birches. At Dostoevsky anywhere about it you will not meet a half-word, memoirs-certificates of direct eyewitnesses ekzekutsii over the writer (if only it was!) too in the nature does not exist. But some messages on it of the persons hearing the story about shameful punishment of the writer from other people, ostensibly not present almost thus were saved. For example,  A.E.Rizenkampf, first treating doctor Dostoevsky and its companion of a youth serving subsequently, just in the beginning of 1850th years, in Omsk military hospital, confirmed in the letter to the brother of the writer, Andrey Mihajlovichu, from February, 16th, 1881, referring thus on anonymous «the friends to the dead who were witnesses», that-de a parade-ground-major Krivtsov has subjected the writer-prisoner to corporal punishment then with it and there was a first attack of an epilepsy. And here writer P.K.Martyanov , besides from what others have told, zhivopisuet the given episode with a little bit other ending: «Left once for jobs in a jail, it (Dostoevsky. — N. N) was in the barracks and laid on plank beds. There has suddenly arrived a parade-ground-major Krivtsov — this described in« Notes from the Dead house »an animal in an image of the person. Is that such? — He has cried, uvidja Feodor Mihajlovicha on plank beds. — why it not at job? — It is sick, yours vysokoblagorodie, — answered were in sentry for the chief "morjachok" … — with it there was an epilepsy attack. — A nonsense!. I know, that you indulge them!. In kordegardiju it!. rozog!. While have pulled down from plank beds and have taken away in kordegardiju really suddenly the diseased with fear petrashevtsa, the guard chief has sent to the commandant of the corporal with the report on the happened. The general de Grave has immediately arrived and has stopped preparations to ekzekutsii … » The smoke without fire, as is known, does not happen. Something connected with birches — was. And now we have hurried, having declared, as if at Dostoevsky anywhere about it a half-word. There are in «Notes from the Dead house» certain hints. Some times throughout a narration were katorzhanin throws a portrait of the former chief-commander of parade-ground-major Krivtsov and each time, it is possible to tell, with such barefaced personal hatred. «It to madness was strict," rushed on people "as spoke the unbearable. More all feared they in him its acute, rysego a sight from which it was impossible to conceal anything. <…> prisoners called him vosmiglazym …» «Terrible there was it the person just because such person was the chief, almost unlimited, over two hundred showers. <…> on prisoners he looked as at the natural enemies <…> nevozderzhnyj, malicious, it rushed into a jail even sometimes at night and if noticed, that the prisoner sleeps on left to a side or backwards next morning it punished (birches. — N. N):" Sleep, say, on right to a side as I have ordered ". In a jail it hated and were afraid, as plagues. The person at it was crimson, spiteful …» Like naturally to hate to the author of "the Dead house» the parade-ground-major of times all penal servitude it hated and was afraid. But hatred and Dostoevsky's fear in relation to Krivtsov carry also the undercover sense-shade. As we know, neither in the parental house, nor in the closed boards, in Engineering school he could not test a charm of corporal punishments. For it it something other-wordly. By itself, not so much physical pain frightened him, how much intolerance of a human, moral shame-humiliation. He directly admits in «Notes from the Dead house», that from stories-memoirs unbearable, passed-sustained corporal punishments, at it «heart rose and started to knock strong and strongly». Noblemen though also were, used in this respect some indulgence. Though formally they were considered completely equal with other prisoners and for serious offence quite could lay down under birches, however it practically done not happen. To how Dostoevsky considered, was two reasons: first, the higher Siberian chiefs, naturally, noblemen, were against shameful corporal punishments of their colleagues on a class; secondly, «happened still before, that some of noblemen did not lay down under birches and rushed on executors, paternal there were horrors» (it is very important point for our theme!); well and, thirdly, for quarter of the century to petrashevtsev the big weight of noblemen-Decembrists which so have put itself was to Siberia and have recommended, that have forced to respect and distinguish noblemen from all others ssylnokatorzhnyh. Possibly, Dostoevsky for a way to penal servitude consoled-calmed itself in similar reasons, but in the first put after the arrival in the Omsk jail the validity in image (obrazine!) parade-ground-major Krivtsov has forced its heart to begin to knock "strong and strongly": «the Crimson, pimpled and malicious person has made it upon us extremely melancholy impression: precisely malicious spider has run out on the poor fly who has got in its web …» Again this comparison with a spider — the chief of a jail, the officer, merges in consciousness, in memoirs of the author of "the Dead house» with pathological murderer Gazinym. It is thought, not last role in it the ending of the first meeting of convicts-beginners Dostoevsky and Durov with the parade-ground-major who mnogoobeshchajushche has assured-has intimidated has played: «— Look, to behave well! That I have not heard! Not that … a body th on-kazaniem! For the slightest offence — r-r-birches!.» Dostoevsky in a jail from such reception "was almost sick" all that first evening. It is possible to present, as the melancholy in its shower when he has learnt was condensed, that shortly before them with Durov arrivals in a jail here by order of the parade-ground-major have cut birches of a nobleman of the Pole Zhohovsky. Dostoevsky has quite understood-has realised, that the general — let and unwritten — laws in penal servitude anything if you will run into «the dashing person», on the commander-petty tyrant like Krivtsov. Also the remark-remark of the author of "the Dead house» gljaditsja very significantly-is perceived, that he has directly especially begun to hate other buildings in a fortress: «the House of our parade-ground-major seemed to me any damned, disgusting place, and I each time with hatred looked at it when passed by …» History with birches in ostrozhnoj to destiny of the writer, we will repeat, and remained not cleared, foggy, but, knowing character, Dostoevsky's nature, about pride, honour, human advantage, — it is possible to assert its concepts safely, that it would not take out corporal punishment. Already one threats, already only expectation rozog have left a deep burning hem in a shower of the writer-convict and what there to speak, if would put and is actually cunning to shameful ekzekutsii: we will recollect — happened, noblemen under birches did not lay down, and rushed on executors, «the paternal there were horrors». It is impossible to imagine Feodor Mihajlovicha Dostoevsky rushing on other person even with naked fists, not that that with a knife, but here other awful way of avoidance rozog or a shame after sudden corporal punishment quite was subject to it — suicide. If to other authors of memoirs and researchers it is free, being based on assumptions and hearings to assert, that the author of "Poor people» has transferred-has tested in birch penal servitude also to us yes it will be allowed, being based on own representation about Dostoevsky as the person, highly spiritual person and a nobleman to assert, that corporal punishment was not — differently simply there would be no on light of a "Crime and punishment", "Demons" and other great novels poslekatorzhnogo Dostoevsky. Same — it is obvious! 6 However, it is time from conjectures, guesses and assumptions to return to a channel of strict text analysis … <<<(P. 6) (P. 8)>>>
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© Rosedkin Sergey Nikolaevich, 2001
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