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P. 2	Dostoevsky's suicide (Continuation) 2 Alas, all of us are mortal. All of us — ripening corpses. Memento mori!. If the person is immortal in terrestrial — physical — lives then only suicide would make sense. For the majority of people the life is life expectation. We, as a rule, do not know: our life is the past, the present or the future. Yes, all this present, today's — small, dim, full of deprivations, a grief and sufferings, is all — time, passing. Just about, also the life — the present, happy life … will begin However, annually more than five hundred thousand homo sapiens’ов on globe to be waited-hope suddenly get tired and break an emergency brake, the life stop-stop. And the majority of these half-millions the person — pure water egoists as blasphemously it sounds. They especially for personal reasons have solved: everything, the life is not necessary that it to live. They for themselves have answered the basic, on Albert Kamju, a philosophy question. In «the Myth about Sizife» the French writer-thinker has formulated it so: «There is only one really a serious philosophical question — a question on suicide. To solve, whether it is necessary to be a work life lived or it of that is not necessary, is means to answer a basic question of philosophy». Certainly, units think of the philosophical party of a question — for this purpose it is necessary to be ardent Goethe Werther or such theorist, as Kirillov Dostoevsky. In the weight unfortunate suicides become suicides without any philosophical calculations, and only for one simple reason — immediately, this second to stop-tear off intolerable sincere or physical sufferings. Yes, the reason global and universal for a suicide one — total disappointment in a life, expressed in mortal melancholy. (We Will underline, that it is a question basically about egoistical and anomichnom suicide kinds for we have got used to consider an altruistic kind not as suicide, and a feat.) And here the occasions bringing to such borderline, — incalculable set. One person finishes with itself that at it soup on a table absolutely liquid, other that at it pearls in a casket too small. The teenager excited is assured, that with such as it seems to it, shameful spots on the face to live it is absolutely impossible, and the man in colour breaks years the life, having learnt, that has caught AIDS. One girl swallows of soporific packing because the idol-singer has kissed not her, but another during delivery of colours, and in the next apartment the schoolgirl is hung up after has undergone to group rape … The well-known expert in the field of human relations as it represent-certify, American Dejl Carnegie has made the table of human desires. The following has turned out: «almost each normal person wants — 1) health and life preservation; 2) food; 3) a dream; 4) money and things which can be got for money; 5) lives in a next world; 6) sexual satisfaction; 7) well-being of children; 8) consciousnesses of own relevancy ». Certainly, about sequence of points it is possible to argue, but not it is important. The main thing, this list gives evident representation about the basic spheres of a human life, and each of these spheres directly is connected with a potential suicide. Really, health, is more correct — its absence pushes most often the person on last tragical step. And it is clear: whether everyone is capable to suffer up to the end infernal pains at cancer diseases, tens years to torment itself with daily injections at a diabetes, to be exposed to painful attacks of an epilepsy, to maintain long exhausting hard drinkings, to be on the back in a paralysis, to live-exist without hands without feet or slepogluhonemym … And, frequently happens so, that the person even anticipates illness, surrenders and kills itself at its first symptoms, being afraid, that then it simply will not have on it physical strengths. For example, the famous American writer Ernest Heminguej who faced time and again death, perished at the front, during hunting, in avia-and accidents, was not afraid the God, line, — during the moment has surrendered at first signs of an approaching paralysis, and nobody could stop-keep it: after several unsuccessful attempts samoubitsja the writer was shot in blossoming of years full still. And well-known Austrian psychiatrist Zigmund Freud, besides for example, having felt serious failures in job of the ingenious brain, having got tired of chronic headaches, has asked to make a companion-doctor to it last and forever a soothing injection, that the loyal friend and has executed. It, by the way, a vivid example evtanazii – suicides by means of the doctor. And if sometime this most evtanazija nevertheless is legalised, it will register, naturally, only and especially for the medical reasons — the incurable and hard suffering patient. The aspiration to life preservation which mentions D.Karnegi in the first column would seem , has no to our conversation the slightest relation, on the contrary. However, the aspiration to life preservation is differently aspiration to avoid death, fear of the end. And here with other people the destiny makes a surprising tragical quirk: extremely valuing the life, they break it … in fear before death. For example, – sentenced to a death penalty which not in forces to take out expectations it and finish with itself. Here that known lawyer M.N.Gernet in the last century testifies  : « … physical torments of a death penalty anything in comparison with mental torments of expectation of death, parting with the family and disgust for embraces of the executioner. These torments have forced fifteen concluded Aleksandrovsky unbearable prisons bratski to divide between themselves poison for the poison. The same torments call epidemic of suicides in other prisons where condemned to a death penalty or expecting the death sentence are hung up, poison, pererezyvajut to themselves arteries a tip of a steel feather … » It is thought, does not raise the doubts the fact, that the person is capable to commit suicide because of food (more correctly, its absence — the chronic, painful, humiliating and bored hunger), because of, besides, chronic wearisome sleeplessness. And the point of 4th in karnegovskom the list, and at all no doubt, gives rather considerable percent in statistics of suicides. People voluntary gibli, perish and will perish for a filthy lucre and iridescent pieces of paper until they will exist on light. Loss in maps or on a roulette, waste, unsuccessful larceny, a successful robbery (for this purpose whom have plundered), inflation, inescapable poverty … It is possible to list tens monetary reasons of suicide. The point of 5th — about desire of a life in a next world is in general in the channel of our conversation: we will recollect only Svidrigajlova from Dostoevsky's novel a "Crime and punishment" which, in general, and was shot that time-de is not present potustoronnej the eternity, what difference — how much to live in this world. Gives this point an occasion and to following reflexions. It would Seem, as clear as day: each suicide-egoist should and even is obliged to be the atheist who is not believing in immortality and afterlife that is why he considers terrestrial terms for ridiculous convention. But, as is known, among imposed on itself hands — and especially in former, doateisticheskie, times — believers there was a majority. And it is sincere the believers knowing quite, that the act, willfulness at the disposal of own life they will draw upon themselves anger of the God, Its favour will lose and will be by all means doomed to eternal infernal torments, however it has not stopped them … About «sexual satisfaction» is, of course, too in an American way. We will tell more softly and more precisely: each normal person in this world thirsts love. And here on this field a plentiful harvest the devil who, as is known, and pushes-pushes poor weak chelovekov on suicide also reaps. For example, two thirds if it is no more, heroes-suicides in the world literature (classical) an abacus with a life have reduced because of unfortunate love — "poor" Liza at Karamzin, Anna Karenina at Tolstoy, Yolks at Kuprin, Werther at Goethe … nest it numbers! Running forward, we will notice, that at Dostoevsky similar heroes practically are not present, though it is quite possible to consider, that Svidrigajlova on last step not divided passion to Donne Raskolnikovoj … has pushed Well, as to «well-being of children» (and in general, I I will add, close and native), — all is clear. Already mentioned  M.N.Gernet mentions the facts when relatives sentenced to a death penalty go mad or commit suicide. First of all the parents here again mean, not managed to go through the death (and shameful, awful death) children. And unless — from illness, under car wheels, from tragical accident during game — it is easier to father to transfer usual death of the child and to mother? «If Fedja will die, I will be shot», — Dostoevsky repeated-repeated with conviction at the slightest indisposition of the liked son. We will remember this exclamation! And more time we will underline: pretty often parents not in a condition to go through death of children; one of spouses commits suicide, not wishing to remain in this world after death of second half … Well and, at last, a problem of "consciousness of own importance» — here the reasons for disappointment in a life are truly inexhaustible. I shivering or the right have a creature? Vetoshka I jammed or an image and similarity of the Lord of the God? Whether adequately to live in penury and uncertainties to the person, born to change this world, to tell, new, a word in the literature? Still by Pushkin it is noticed, that «all of us look in Napoleons» and when a life, the rough validity will convince us of the return, that any we not Napoleons, and only creatures shivering comes at times bottomless despair-disappointment. It on the one hand. And with another: well, and how still it is possible to prove the greatness, the claim on the status of the cheloveko-god — as not the right to dispose of an own life?. However, we already jump at once in Dostoevsky's world, and it is still premature. While it is a high time to correct-add Dejla Carnegie for it has lowered in the list of desires human the most important column — desire of dialogue. Its default, loneliness, becomes the reason of the vastest quantity of suicide tragedies. Many people do not understand a simple thing: loneliness — inevitability, the law of a human hostel. It is necessary to be reconciled simply with it. My God, if Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, the person as much as possible approached to an ideal, always surrounded with close and native people, all liked, adored and respected, — suffered from loneliness us, the mere mortal, and to grumble guilty. It is necessary to reconcile to it and — to live-exist. And skolkih the poor fellows standing already on the verge of suicide, it was possible to stop, if during that fatal penultimate instant there was a person who would tell: «do not leave, you are very necessary to me!.» And more one extremely important for our theme and the specific reason of a suicide is absent in D.Karnegi's list — creative crisis. For many writers-suicides it also became solving. Well and, at last, at once also it is impossible as running forward, we will recollect Dostoevsky's opinion-statement in a counterbalance to forensic medicine of the time considering madness by the global, basic and universal reason of voluntary leaving of people from a life, that such reason is – realism. «Again the new victim, and again forensic medicine has solved, what is it the madman! In any way after all they (that is physicians) cannot guess, that the person is capable to dare at suicide and in sensible mind from any failures, is simple from despair, and presently and from straightforwardness of outlook on life. Here realism the reason, instead of madness …» So, here it, the basic, a number of the reasons pushing people to a suicide. Particulars, individual cases — hundreds, thousand. As the life of each person so it is original at each of us both death and the ball of the reasons for voluntary leaving from a life if we have dared at it is unique. Happens, that any person is hung up that feels old age approach, is heavy sick, suffers of terrible need, suffers from an alcoholism, is subject to mind frustration, thrown by the beloved, hates an existing system in the country, moreover and (if the poet) has lost-has lost the inspiration … What of these suicide reasons main, what accompanying — is known only by one Lord the God. It is important to underline, that egoistical suicide is made, as a rule, impulsively, under the influence of a minute. Certainly, there are also suicides-rationalists, suicides-mathematicians, suicides-directors — they think over the end in advance in details, count concrete terms of the life and in the appointed day and hour coolly itself destroy. For memory, certainly, names of the daughter and son-in-law Charles Marx at once come: Laura and pol Lafargi in advance, in a youth, have decided, that will not live old and ailing and together samoubilis in 1911 when to it it was not executed also seventy, and to it was only sixty six. But is more often nevertheless happens so, that the unfortunate voluntary condemned man for a week, for a day, in an hour, and at times even one minute prior to the end does not know, does not suspect, that now on itself will impose hands. We will recollect Anna Kareninu who, already standing on a railway platform, even did not think of death. However, once, shortly before that, accepting the next portion of an opium medicine, she has thought «that it was necessary to drink all stkljanku to die, it seemed to it so easily and simply, that she again with pleasure began to think of, how it (Vronsky. — N. N) will suffer, repent and like its memory when already will be late …» But it is absolutely clear, what is it there were only usual dreams damsko-nurseries which deliver to many nervous natures burning mazohistsko-voluptuous pleasure and come to an end ordinary with anything. And here on a platform Anna reads last note Vronsky, written by "negligent handwriting». All is terminated! « And suddenly (suddenly! — N. N), having recollected the crushed person in day of its first meeting with Vronsky, she has understood, чтó it should do … »— suddenly, in one second the improbable, monstrous decision is accepted. To us living and rather happy (time we still live-vegetate in this world!), even it is impossible to understand-apprehend the decision of the woman who have terrified from love:, apparently, it is better« stkljanku some opium »to drink, that it is painless and beautiful to fall asleep forever, than to rush to a dirt, under disgusting hundred-ton wheels-cutting torches … Alas — second! When it will rise, any more to an aesthetics and not to fear of a physical pain. That is interesting, Anna Karenina quite could, as well as thousand other people, only to dream of suicide and to it to be limited. Such potential all life the suicide has enough in the most intolerable inescapably heavy minutes to imagine, as he will drink "stkljanku" or will blow out the brains, and as all will regret-mourn him — and here such purely head suicide, is pensive-theoretical experience of all scale of accompanying sharp sensations-experiences crushed by a life and circumstances frequently quite suffices the person, that it is deeper and heavier to sigh and continue to pull the grown hateful strap further. But of such dreamers tragical imaginations artfully tighten many, enthral and, eventually, push on last suicide step. Such person will dream-will dream of a loop, and really in it will climb. And suddenly, it is unexpected for itself and, especially, for associates. Happens, that on the certificate of a suicide of the person pushes circumstance which Djurkgejm has named — infectivity of suicide. «For all the story is known, — he writes, — about fifteen invalids who … one behind another for short time were hung up on the same hook in a dark corridor; as soon as the hook has been removed, epidemic has stopped. The same was in Boulogne camp: one soldier was shot in an hour box; in some days it had followers who have committed suicide in the same box; as soon as it have burnt, epidemic has stopped …» It is thought, from this number the known fact of a life and the literature when after issue «young Werther's Sufferings» Goethe Evropu were amazed with epidemic of suicides. Yes that there Europe! Maxim Gorky in our century beginning considered, that the performance of "Brothers Karamazovyh» promoted growth of suicides in Moscow. And we will recollect the well-known fact as after Yesenin's so-called suicide not only Galja Benislavsky has committed suicide directly on its tomb, but also on all country the wave of suicides among youth has swept; Majakovsky even it was necessary to write-compose urgently a poem "Sergey Yesenin" to discredit a romantic aura round his death. In any measure infectivity the phenomenon of hereditary suicide speaks also. In book Djurkgejma the amazing case when the young girl at whom the father and his brother have committed suicide, too has decided to die voluntary is resulted. «The thought on its close end began to occupy It only, and she incessantly repeated:“ I will be lost the same as my father and the uncle … ”It were lost tried even to commit suicide, but it is unsuccessful. The person as whom she considered as the father, was not it actually, and, to release it from muchivshego its fear, its mother has dared to admit to it in all and to arrange to it appointment to its present father. Physical similarity between the father and the daughter was so amazingly, that all doubts of the patient have immediately dissipated; since this minute she has refused any thought on suicide …». Really — a plot for Dostoevsky! In the given cases it is a question of infectivity of egoistical suicide, but precisely in the same measure it is possible to speak and about infectivity of suicide altruistic. 3 Let's not be to press, besides, in all subtleties and complexities of fundamental reasonings Djurkgejma … <<<(P. 1) (P. 3)>>>
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© Rosedkin Sergey Nikolaevich, 2001
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