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Lifting, 1995, № 11-12. Ours The contemporary, 2003, № 7. P. 1	Dostoevsky's minus (F. M.Dostoevsky and «the Jewish question») 1 It is considered, that Dostoevsky did not like Jews. The opinion has developed the such: he could hate and despise separate Russian, but infinitely liked Russian people; and, on the contrary, he respected separate Jews, supported with them acquaintance, but as a whole the Jewish nation considered pogubitelnoj for all other people and first of all — for Russian. (Here one of the freshest examples — a certain  I.I.Garina's book  /apparently — a pseudonym / «Many-sided Dostoevsky»/m.: the TERRA, 1997 / in which there are passages like the following: «Similarly, as Gobino« scientifically »has proved racism, Dostoevsky was« the theorist »judofobii <…>. Dostoevsky's anti-Semitism — system of sights, system consecutive, closed, impenetrable. It in general disliked foreigners, but anti-Semitism at it not simply household — theoretical with harmonous« philosophy »… the Jew, zhidovshchina, zhidovskoe a kingdom, zhidovskaja idea — with it« theoretically proved »chernosotenstvom pages D n e in n and dazzle to and, adjoining to extreme chauvinism and the most reactionary patriotism <…> Here it is necessary to tell in plain terms and up to the end: great Dostoevsky, clairvoyant Dostoevsky, Dostoevsky-prophet is not so far from ordinary Russian inhabitant …» what there "mnogolikost" — the primitive inhabitant-chernosotenets and all! Has not done without similar passages, alas, and in L.Grossman's recently republished book «Confession of one Jew»/m.: Dekont +, the Horseshoe, 1999 / of which it is a question in our research. No, Leonid Petrovich, certainly, has confirmed before modern readers the reputation clever and is boundless respecting Dostoevsky of the researcher – it even fondly denied the statement as if Dostoevsky anywhere and never wrote, that Jews will ruin Russia (With. 175) … And here the author of the foreword to reprinting certain "professor S. Gurevich" (so he has subscribed) thoroughly porassuzhdal about "anti-Semitism" of great Russian writer, and about competence of this "professor" eloquently says that fact, that he persistently repeats-repeats as if Dostoevsky in 1877 still was the editor of "Citizen" and ostensibly on its pages printed the «the Diary of the writer» with article-answer Kovneru …) However, will tell more correctly, Dostoevsky was angry not on Jews, and on — "Jews". It very accurately divided these concepts and once, compelled to an explanation publicly, pechatno, has in detail explained the position in the given question. About it speech ahead for now it is necessary to remind, that a word "Jew" in the last century, and in the beginning present, it was used widely in everyday speech, in newspapers, magazines and books. At Pushkin: whether «There is pozdneju expensive//a Rich Jew or the priest poor …» («Brothers robbers»); «… Perhaps, be to itself the Tatar,—//And here I do not see shame;//Be the Jew — and it it doesn't matter;//the Trouble, that you Vidok Figljarin». (From an epigram on F.Bulgarin) At Gogol: «— to Hang all zhidovu!. Let do not sew from popovskih copes of skirts the zhidovkam!. <…> And the crowd has rushed to suburb with desire to cut all Jews. Poor sons of Israel, having lost all presence of the and without that small spirit <…> even zapolzyvali under skirts of the zhidovok; but kozaki everywhere them found ». (« Taras potatoes ») And here already and after Dostoevsky's epoch, for example, at Chekhov: «… I will want, speaks, and a tavern, and all ware, and Moisejku from it zhidovkoj and zhidenjatami the purchase»; «… also shivers, as the Jew on a frying pan» ("Incident"); «— And me time to go to Jews floors to wash … On Fridays it washes at Jews in a loan bench floors …» («the Old house»); «… there is no such barin or the millionaire who because of superfluous copeck would not began to lick hands at the Jew parhatogo …» ("Steppe") Even later, at the same Rozanova, concept it meets pretty often: «But it is impossible to forget experts <…> all it« zhidovstva "and" an Americanism »in a life …» («the Fallen down leaves»); «Sang zhidovka years 14, and the 12-year-old brother played it a violin. And zhidovka it was serious …» («the Apocalypse of our time») To put it briefly, a word "Jew" and derivative of it were for Dostoevsky and its contemporaries a usual word-toolkit among others, it was used widely and everywhere. In difference, say, from our time. The modern person even in dictionary Dalja, in this well of all Russian, the reference book of writers of second half XIX century, will not find separate article on a word "Jew". It flashes only as a synonym to concept "ravinist" — «a Jew, the Jew, the Jew, vethozavetnik, person Moiseyev of the law»; moreover at word decoding "kagal" as one of its values — «all zhidovskaja a community, a bulk, the world». But the matter is that in the next Soviet edition (the reprint!) 1955 article "JEW" has been withdrawn as offending national advantage of Jews and in all subsequent releases of dictionary Dalja is absent. And here in editions till 1935 this article was available, and furthermore – in pre-revolutionary and looked so: «ZHid, zhidovin, zhidjuk [-juka] m., zhidjuga about. sobir. zhidova or zhidovshchina., zhidovyo compare [it is old. The national name of the Jew.//Prezrit. The name of the Jew.] avaricious, the miser, mercenary skupets. <…> the Jew, whether saw you the Jew? — Tease zhidov. [ZHid zhid – a pork ear, a trite, vulgar way to tease Jews.]. On everyone мiрянина on seven zhidovinov. Live, that brat, and bargain kak zhid. ZHid kreshchonyj, the foe primirenyj yes volk kormlenyj. It come dvorjanin, and affairs zhidovin. <…> ZHidovshchina or zhidovstvo [compare] жидовскiй zakon, byt. ZHidomor m., zhidomorka. [zhidomorina about. psk, tver.] zhidovskaja soul, mercenary skupets, [miser]. ZHidovat, zhidomornichat, zhidomorit to live and arrive zhidomorom <…>. ZHidjukat, - to abuse someone zhidom. ZHidovstvovat to be the law of it. Heresy zhidovstvujushchih or subbotnikov … »Well etc . By the way, similar on semantic and lexical colouring of a word "crest" and "katsap" in «edited Dale» remained. In present explanatory dictionaries, at least in the same "Ozhegove" to search for a word "Jew" it is useless. And only in four-volume «the Dictionary of modern Russian literary language» to Academy of sciences of the USSR it is explained, that: «the Jew — ustar. prostorech. The scornful name of the Jew. perenosn. Abusive. About the miser, skuptse». So, "scornfully", with a smile, this word Dostoevsky in a youth when notorious «the Jewish question» has not bulked up yet so sharply purulent abscess on a body of the Russian validity playfully, quite mildly used, and the young writer not especially was interested in this question. And it, most likely, was already then a sign with the work which has made a noise in Europe of German philosopher Max Shtirnera «Unique and its property», left in 1844 in which, in particular, it was formulated also efficiency of representatives of this nation: «Jews, these early children of an antiquity, <…> at all refinement and force of mind and mind which easily seizes all subject and subordinates him to itself, they cannot find spirit which in what does not put the subject. The Christian has spiritual interests because he dares to be the spiritual person; the Jew at all does not understand these interests in their cleanliness. Because he dares to give values subject ». In Dostoevsky's early letter to brother Michael (1844) it is mentioned the drama ended by it "Jew Jankel", kakovaja, alas, as well as others mentioned in correspondence of those years dramaturgic experiences of the writer like "Maria Stewart" and "Boris Godunov" as if into water has sunk. Continually in Dostoevsky's early articles the "Jewish" jokes are used. For example, in «the Petersburg annals» (1847) it, throwing a portrait of the obsequious person, the flatterer, summarises: «And such person receives everything, that it would be desirable it to receive, as that is liquid, which asks the sir that he has not bought to its goods, no! What for to buy? — That the sir only has looked in its small knot, for this purpose though only to spit on zhidovsky the goods and to leave further. The Jew develops, and the sir buys everything, that zhidku to sell it wanted …» In a youth and even in later years, already in a maturity, Dostoevsky was accustomed for fun to compare somebody to "Jew", and there were cases, that comparison such was carried by it and to own person. Certainly, basically — in private letters. Dostoevsky's such is neutral-complacent relation to the Jewish question was inherent in it and before penal servitude and long time after it. Moreover, when Dostoevsky after a jail gets to soldier's barracks the private soldier, it soon takes under the protection zatjukannogo tell-tale-Jew Katz, protects it from sneers and mockeries. In the memoirs which have been published in the Siberian newspaper "Steppes" in 1896, N.A.Katz wrote: «All soul I felt, that eternally gloomy and gloomy private soldier Dostoevsky — infinitely kind, surprisingly warm person whom it was necessary to grow fond …» The author of "the Dead house» Jewish question and the first years when has returned to active creative activity did not concern. And, by the way, at once it is necessary to underline, that in art creativity of the great writer-psychologist this most notorious question in essence is not exaggerated. Among its heroes as it is strange, there are no Jews. It is recollected unless "is liquid" Ljamshin, small "demon" in "Demons", yes Isaj Fomich Bumshtejn in «Notes from the Dead house» — "is liquid", which has reminded Dostoevsky the Gogol is liquid JAnkelja (and, obviously, has reminded also of own dramaturgic plan of a youth) and which the writer could not recollect without good-natured laughter. Still, Isaj Fomich amused all penal servitude by the cunning, impudence, arrogance and simultaneously awful cowardice. Was artful "zhidku" in a jail better many — he "worked" there the jeweller and the usurer. And more in Dostoevsky's works of art quite often there is a word "Jew" and derivative of it (that, we will repeat, was natural to Russian literature of XIX century) yes here and there it is possible to meet, so to say, passing remarks, remarks aside about Jews. So, in "Crime and punishment" Svidrigajlov some minutes prior to suicide meets the soldier-Jew on which person «that eternal grumbling grief which so kislo was printed on all without an exception persons of the Jewish tribe» was seen. As to publicism up to 1870th years Dostoevsky of the Jewish question in it practically does not concern. Having own magazine "Time", he has only told once (in № 10 for 1861) about the Jew who helped the muzhik to cut fire wood krjahteniem and then on the basis of it has paid a joke for job much less than the promised. And in № 9 for 1862 also has at all laughed over fears of the newspaper "Day", that-de in Russia it is given to Jews more and more the rights. In the magazine "Epoch" which has replaced "Time", about Jews and Jews also it has not been mentioned at all by Dostoevsky a word. And what sharp crisis has occurred to it later when he has headed the newspaper-magazine "Citizen" and the beginnings the «the Diary of the writer». Already in 3rd number of "Citizen" edited by it, it «body of reactionary nobility» («the Soviet encyclopaedic dictionary»), Dostoevsky in article «Something personal» lifts kapitalnejshy a question — about position of the simple people after "reorganisation" of 1861. «The economic and moral condition of the people after clearing of a serf yoke — is awful <…>. Morals falling, cheap stuff, Jews-kabatchiki, larceny and day robbery ' - all is certainties, and all grows, grows …» And then, again and again coming back to this theme, the writer persistently draws attention of the upper class, attention of intelligency to that he considered as the greatest malicious time — the people accustom to drinking, the people corrupt. The big fire in village Izmaylov near Moscow has happened in the summer of 1873. Making comments on messages of newspapers, Dostoevsky indignantly writes in "Citizen": «All is spent on drink and put in pawn in taverns and taverns!. And it in known village situated near Moscow! <…> All disappeared in our fantastic dream: there were only fists and Jews yes all world enslaved by it obshchesolidarnye beggars. Jews and fists, we will put, duties, but and strebujut from them at a rate of thousand on hundred paid will pay for them!. » But it is the fullest, it is developed and unambiguously fears, the understanding of succession of events in the country and a society Dostoevsky has stated in article «Dreams and dreams», published in № 21 "Citizens" for 1873 in frameworks of "the Diary of the writer»: «… the People zakutil also have washed down (after clearing. — N. N) — at first from pleasure, and then on a habit. <…> there are districts, where on fifty inhabitants and a tavern <…>. The present, correct capitals arise in the country, precisely being based on its general labour well-being, only capitals of fists and Jews differently can be formed. And will be, if business proceeds, if the people do not come round; and the intelligency will not help it. If will not come round, all, entirely, during the smallest time will come to be in hands at every possible Jews <…>. Will be liquid to drink national blood and to eat debauchery and humiliation national but as they will pay the budget, that, so, they should be supported …» And further Dostoevsky, correct to itself, to the dreams and the naive belief, exclaims prophetically, that-de the people «will find in itself guarding force which always found <…>. He will not want a tavern; will want work and an order, will want honour, instead of a tavern!.» As we see, has passed already hundred with superfluous years after an exit of this article, and the prophecy of the writer does not come true yet. Dostoevsky did not drink, wine considered as a poison, and drunkenness by illness and consequently, maybe, is especially close to heart accepted more and more extending hard drinking of Russian people, more and more amplifying domination the fault in a daily life of people is green. It is natural, that in the newspaper-magazine "Citizen" except articles of the editor on this topic of the day was located many materials and other authors. Now it is difficult to learn, what editorial editing was brought by Dostoevsky in these articles, but sometimes it inserted the notes directly into the journal text. So, in № 3 "Citizens" for 1873 article certain N «the Society for protivudejstvija to excessive distribution of drunkenness» has been published. And here to a phrase from article that is a lot of drunkards in Odessa and «all it is product of Jews-kabatchikov», Dostoevsky does very characteristic footnote-remark: «From themselves we will add, that all kabatchiki neevrei, the right, stand kabatchikov Jews». Dostoevsky as though underlines: it not judofob, he is a realist. 2 Continuing to oppose drunkenness and spaivanija the people in "Citizen", and then and in own «the Diary of the writer», Dostoevsky eventually interfaces this theme to another, even more for itself kapitalnejshej. In a note writing-book of 1875-1876 where the material for the next releases "DP" collected, there is a Latin expression which becomes key in many subsequent articles of the writer mentioning the Jewish question: «the People have accustomed to drinking and have given to Jews to job, status in statu». «The state in the state» — the main danger of distribution and consolidation of "Jews" and "zhidovstvujushchih" in Russia Dostoevsky here is how defined. It is easy to track, as in preparatory records, notes the thought of the writer crystallises, perfected, the theme disturbing it appears and clears up. «The main thing. ZHidovshchina. Agriculture in decline, the disorder. For example, lesoistreblenie …»; «The place is cleared, the Jew, stanovit factory comes, makes profit …»; «Agriculture is the enemy of Jews»; «Together with those to exterminate and woods, for peasants exterminate with frenzy to arrive to the Jew»; «Colonization of Crimea <…>. The government should. Besides, that will strengthen suburb. Not that will intrude the Jew and will manage to get the poselentsev (not Jews, certainly, and Russian slaves). The Jew has just revived on Russian earth …»; «to Limit the rights of Jews in many cases it is possible and should. Why why to support it status in statu. Eighty millions exist only on maintenance of three millions zhidishek. To spit on them …» All this dung, Dostoevsky's thoughts are connected with wide polemic in a then press about injurious as it is told in notes to 24 that of collected works of the writer, activity of businessmen-Jews in Russia. Dostoevsky vnimatelnejshim read in the image newspapers and magazines. And here, having saved up a material, in June release of "the Diary of the writer» for 1876 Dostoevsky enters the inflamed polemic with the word: «Jews become landowners, — and here everywhere shout and they umertvljajut write, that soil of Russia, that the Jew, having spent the capital on estate purchase, immediately, to turn back the capital and percent, dries up all forces and means of the bought earth. But try to tell something against it is and immediately to you will begin to yell about infringement of a principle of an economic liberty and civil ravnopravnosti. But what here ravnopravnost, if here obvious and talmudnyj status in statu first of all and in the foreground, if here not only a soil exhaustion, but also the future exhaustion of our muzhik …» And in the following, ijulsko-August, release "DP" Dostoevsky develops, specifies the thought, and this fragment in the light of today when struggle round Crimea between Russian, Ukrainians and Tatars has inflamed with new force, receives additional sounding, additional sense. In 1876 about what very few people nowadays knows, for the first time there was a question on eviction of Tatars from Crimea. As usual, newspapers have rustled. Dostoevsky hotly and frankly states the point of view: « … “the Moscow sheets” spend impudent thought, as there is nothing to regret about Tatars — let are moved, whether and on their place is better to colonize Russian <…> will agree at all of us with this opinion of "the Moscow sheets» with which I from the bottom of the heart agree because itself for a long time in the same way thought of it «the Crimean question». The opinion resolutely risky, also is not known still, whether the liberal, all solving opinion will adjoin it. <…> in general if resettlement of Russian to Crimea (gradual, certainly) would demand also extreme any expenses from the state on such expenses, apparently, it is very possible and would be extreme to dare favourably. In everyone after all a case if will not take a place Russian to Crimea Jews will by all means snatch and will destroy edge soil … » Like and so it is already stated it is enough to deserve titlo the chauvinist, but Dostoevsky in September number of "Diary" still adds butters to fire: «Russian earth belongs to Russian, one Russian, and there is an earth Russian, and the scrap in it is not present the Tatar earth. Tatars, the former torturers of the earth Russian, on this earth newcomers …». However, there and then, nearby, Dostoevsky notices, that Russian, having won in due time freedom from a yoke, do not oppress the Tatar and its belief. Dostoevsky in publicism, as well as in art creativity, was talented and even is ingenious, but the politician, the diplomat (and without it in publicism not to manage!) was inutile. Neither opponents, nor readers-contemporaries and have not seen the lines of the writer as though justifying, explaining its extremism in an ethnic question. This record remained in preparatory materials: «I as much Russian, how much and the Tatar. I am not at war neither against Tatars, nor against Moslem …» And trace: «After all all the same to Crimea we so Jews …» It is possible to tell — idée fixe Dostoevsky will throw (sja), if not. Besides, it is necessary to notice, that Dostoevsky was not mistaken, did not deceive itself, did not consider, that expresses opinion of the majority. He just underlined and for itself(himself) in note writing-books and in published articles, that danger which clearly sees he, many realise not. « And over all mamon and the Jew, and the main thing, all to them have suddenly bowed ». In the Soviet literary criticism it is accepted to underline, that Dostoevsky did not accept the coming capitalism, the setting in power of the rich person, mamona, but after all at Dostoevsky, it is necessary to remember, an embodiment of all of it was"Jew", the Jew-businessman and the dealer. By the way, about «I as much Russian, how much and the Tatar» it is necessary to result one unusual opinion about which the writer so never and has not learnt: in TSGALI known dostoevskovedom With.  V.Belovym had been found out memoirs of the unknown officer which served on the Petersburg guardroom just when the editor of "Citizen" Dostoevsky left arrest on March, 21-23st, 1874. And so among other there there are also such lines: «I then for some reason thought, that Dostoevsky from Jews. Whether from an exterior he that on them resembled …» For certain Dostoevsky in a coffin has turned over!. From note writing-books of the writer it is visible, that one more — nation-wide — a problem occupied, disturbed, drew its attention. In the beginning of January, 1876 he learns from newspapers about terrible accident on the Odessa railway in which many recruits delivered to a place of service were lost. The writer appeared very often in roles of the passenger, a condition of railways Russian knew not by hearsay. He does not doubt causes of accident at all, and originators are clear for it: « Wreck of trains with cars (recruits) is business state, instead of one only shareholders of that road where there is a misfortune. <…> here absolutely and not about shareholders business, and is simple about several triumphing Jews, Christian and not Christian, here I cannot transfer these, and to me is sad. <…> roads, yes after all this business national, the general, instead of several zhidishek and not several state and the privy councillors running at them on parcels. <…> devil take it! Never before anything similar was not in Russia! samovolstvo Jews reaches infinity!. » For some reason publicly, in «the Diary of the writer», Dostoevsky about a condition of railways and about "Jews" the-shareholders who are making profit of them, and has not acted, but, apparently, sometime intended it to make. Not without reason in the following note writing-book, after long time, having learnt, that in institute of engineers of means of communication 60 pupils from ravvinskih schools have arrived, it venomously and simultaneously with bitterness marks: «And news have heard flies, honey flies — means of communication full zhidkami: — All tsestnymi evrejtsikami. Status in statu. I am ready, it is a direct duty of the Christian. But not status in statu it is necessary to strengthen, meaningly to strengthen …». In a word, "antizhidovskih" sights Dostoevsky did not hide the, stated them extremely frankly. By the way, concepts-terms "judofob" and especially "anti-semite", so widely extended now, very much are inexact, approximate and ambiguous if to remember semantics of words. "JUdofob" literally — afraid of Jews (Latin iudaeus — the Jew, Greek phobos — fear); "anti-semite" — the person concerning with hostility to Semites, that is to ancient vavilonjanam, to assyrians, Phoenicians, Jews and to modern Arabs and Jews … Neither that nor another to Dostoevsky does not approach, it was — "Antijew", the frank hater of the "Jews" erecting, in its opinion, the status in statu in Russia. 3 Dostoevsky in private correspondence was especially frank-is opened. Here it and at all did not hesitate in expression of the feelings, mentioning a sore theme. The word "Jew" in its early letters is always mentioned in sarcastic, usmeshlivom tone, and later — with more and more increasing animosities. Almost in each letter to the wife (which, apparently, completely shared its belief) from abroad where it left to be treated, Dostoevsky gives vent to the bile: «the Neighbour mine — Russian Jew, and to it goes set of local Jews, and all deal and whole kagal, — such the God of the neighbour …» has sent; «One, persons of the acquaintance, on the contrary, all such disgusting zhidovskie physiognomies …»; «… both all the meanest zhidovskie and English physiognomies …» And in 1879, during the next stay in Ems, Dostoevsky from the letter in the letter pictured to Anna Grigorevne the story-epopee sad and penetrated by poison on the liked theme. In the message from July, 26th — a beginning: «Things here are terribly expensive, nothing can be bought, all Jews. <…> Here all Jews! Even in the driven public nearly one third of grown rich Jews from all ends of the world. <…> then all other Russian names in the majority of rich Russian Jews. Near to mine № <…> there live two rich Jew, mother and her son, 25-year-old zhidyonok, — and poison to me a life: since morning till the night speak with each other, it is loud, long, continuously <…> and not as people, and on the whole pages (in German or on-zhidovski), precisely the book read: and all it with skvernejshej zhidovskoj intonation so at my irritable condition it all has exhausted me …» In the letter from July, 30th "irritable" Dostoevsky continues to complain to the wife: «3 adventure with Jews my neighbours <…>. Four days as I sat and suffered their conversations behind a door (mother and the son), talk pages, whole tomy conversation <…>, and the main thing — not that that shout, and squeal, as in kagale. <…> As already there were 10 hours and it was time to sleep, I and have shouted, laying down in bed:« Ah, these damned Jews when will allow to sleep! »For other day the mistress <…> enters to me and says, that its Jews called and declared to it, that are much offended, that I have named their Jews and that will move down from apartment. I have answered the mistress, as itself wished to move down, because its Jews <…> have tortured me. The mistress was frightened of threat awfully and has told, what it is better than Jews will expel (here interestingly, what word —« Jews "or" Jews »— the mistress used? — N. N) <…> Jews though have not ceased to speak loudly, but have ceased to shout, and to me while is tolerable …» From the following letter of husband Anna Grigorevna learns, that "Jews"-neighbours disturb its sick nervous spouse already considerably less, and in some days Feodor Mihajlovich with simplification and great pleasure informs that to its tortures the end — "Jews" comes, its intolerable neighbours, leave next week. That the holiday comes also rest! Honestly, and it seems, that if in neighbours Dostoevsky would have not "Jews", and, suppose, Russian, Germans or Papuans and would stir and days without a break squealed in the same way, it would transfer it easier, not so would get exhausted and grew furious. Dostoevsky mentions-discusses a notorious Jewish question in letters and to such different people as a companion of a youth doctor S.D.Yanovsky , the publicist and the writer, the former colleague on "Citizen", and then replaced Dostoevsky on a post of the editor,  V.F.Putsykovich, a member of the State council, and then and ober-public prosecutor Synod K.P. Pobedonostsev  … message Putsykovichu from Staraya Russa from August, 29th, 1878 in which Dostoevsky highlights new "capital" aspect in the Jewish question is especially significant in this number of letters. Shortly before that in Petersburg on the Mihajlovsky area the revolutionary-populist Kravchinsky the chief of gendarmes Mezentsov has been publicly killed. The author of "Demons" formulates the opinion: «Write, that murderers Mezentsova and have not found and that likely for it nigiljatina. Anyhow? Whether <…> they will be convinced at last, how much in this nigiljatine bosses (on my supervision) zhidkov, and can, and Poles. How much different zhidkov was on the Kazan area, then are liquid on the Odessa history. Odessa, a city of Jews, appears the centre of our at war socialism. In Europe the same phenomenon: Jews terribly participate in socialism, and already about Lassaljah, Karlah Marxs and I do not speak. And it is clear: to the Jew all prize from any radical shock and revolution in the state because it status in statu, makes the community which will never be shaken, and only will win from any easing of all of what not Jews …» And, certainly, the sense of these lines goes deep if to recollect Dostoevsky's one their latest records in a note writing-book of 1881 where it does a definitive conclusion for itself(himself): «the Jew and bank the mister now to all: both to Europe, and education, both a civilisation, and socialism. To socialism especially for it it with a root will pull out Christianity and will destroy its civilisation. And when there will be only one beznachalie, here the Jew and becomes at the head of only. For, preaching socialism, it remains between itself(himself) in a unification and when all riches of Europe will be lost, there will be a bank of the Jew. antihrist will come and becomes on beznachalii …» Near to this record Dostoevsky puts the liked Latin sign «notice well» with three exclamation marks — «NB!!!». Possibly, he wanted in one of the subsequent releases of "the Diary of the writer» to lift this problem. Was not in time. So, destructive, hostile to Russian people and all world of a direction of activity of "Jews" Dostoevsky sees in all: and destruction of woods, pogublenie soils, and spaivanie the people, and harmful monopoly in the industry, the finance, on the railway, and preparation of a destructive social revolution … And how — the literature? Well, certainly, and in this area Dostoevsky felt «a strong smell of garlic». Also there could not be differently at the person, living the literature, seeing in it all sense of the existence. Sketchy marks in working writing-books testify, that this problem excited Dostoevsky seriously, here again he saw "zhidovskie" intrigues: «the Journal literature all has broken into small groups. Many Jews-entrepreneurs, at each Jew on one writer <…> were. Also publish»; «Jews, the press, instead of the literature is». But Dostoevsky has stated most full sights at the given problem in one amazing on frankness and tone the letter. In February, 1878 the writer has received the message from a certain Sergey Epifanovicha Grishchenko, the teacher of Kozeletsky parish school of the Chernigov province in whom that, complaining of domination of "Jews" in native province and being indignant, that the press, journalism holds the party of "Jews", some words »on this question asked Dostoevsky« to tell. And here the author of "Demons" to absolutely stranger there and then in the reciprocal letter ploughs up all soul, is frank very much: «Here you complain of Jews in the Chernigov province, and at us here in the literature already set of editions, newspapers and magazines is published on zhidovskie money by Jews (which arrives to the literature more and more), and only the editors employed by Jews, sign the newspaper or magazine Russian names — that's all in them Russian. I think, what is it only the beginning still, but that Jews will grasp much still bolshy a circle of actions in the literature; I till a life, to the phenomena of the current validity I do not concern: the Jew extends with terrifying bystrotoju. And after all the Jew and it kagal is all the same, that plot against Russian! <…> They Intercede ("liberals", and in particular from magazine "Word". — N. N) for Jews, first, because once (in XVIII century) it was and is new, and liberally, and potrebno. What it has put, what now the Jew triumphs and oppresses Russian? For all of them still the Russian oppresses the Jew. And the main thing, here belief: it with hatred to Christianity they so have grown fond of the Jew; also notice: the Jew here at them not the nation, they protect it therefore only, that of others to the Jew suspect national disgust and hatred. Hence, punish others, as the nation … » It is necessary to pay attention to Dostoevsky's remark in brackets, that-de "Jews" to the literature arrives more and more. In modern to it to classical Russian literature, among large writers just there were no practically Jews, except unless well-known poet and translator Peter Isaevicha Vejnberga, «Heine from Tambov». It already by the end of XIX century in journalism and the literature became valid to arrive more and more representatives of the Jewish nation to occupy in Russian literature of the XX-th century, already in the Soviet literature, a leading position. Probably, gift of the seer was indeed inherent in Dostoevsky. But if his letter to Grishchenko (or similar performance in «the Diary of the writer») has been published during lifetime of the author, it would call bewilderment at many contemporaries, would strengthen hearings about its illnesses and would provoke a wave of charges in extreme chauvinism. Dostoevsky and understood it. In the same letter to Grishchenko he notices in passing, that it is necessary to lead speech about requirements, needs, entreaties, Russian, the nations as "liberals" there and then will accuse you of chauvinism. And in one of last records-notes to planned "Diary", he whether with sarcasm, whether with bitterness of weariness reflects: «Jews. And though they would be above all Russia kagalom and plot and have exhausted all Russian muzhik — about, let, we words we will not tell: otherwise there can be any not liberal trouble; that kind will think, what we consider the religion above Jewish and we restrict them from religious intolerance, — that then will be? To think only, that then will be!.» The sarcasm of the writer had under itself strong reasons — and after decades after his death one of such "liberals", the citizen of the world V.V. Nabokov, for example, categorically declared: « It is necessary to tell, that Dostoevsky tested absolutely pathological hatred to Germans, Poles and Jews that is visible from his compositions » Following logic of the author of "Lolita" and if to recollect images, let us assume, Smerdjakova, father Karamazov, Svidrigajlova and to that of similar heroes it is necessary to recognise, that Dostoevsky tested "pathological" hatred, most likely, — to Russian … 4 Yes, Dostoevsky fine understood — that then will be … (P. 2)>>>
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© Rosedkin Sergey Nikolaevich, 2001
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