- Sergey Rosedkin -
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	The encyclopaedia "Dostoevsky" As we see, all it was for a long time already, the named books have received the press, and to come back to conversation on them now hardly probable there is a necessity. But to tell some words about «the Lermontovsky encyclopaedia», left in 1981 diligence of the Pushkin House and publishing house «Soviet encyclopaedia», probably, it is reasonably useful. This book was a wreath and the higher achievement of editions such. Fine issued, weighty (90 quires) krupnoformatnyj the volume with set of photos amazed with width of coverage of a theme — from the biography of the poet, its products and outlook to the frequency word book and the dictionary of rhymes. Victor Andronikovich Manuylov, associate editors —  I.L.Andronikov,  V.G.Bazanov, Ampere-second was the editor-in-chief of the edition     . Bushmin,  V.E.Vaptsuro, V.V. Zhdanov and  M.B.Hrapchenko. What names! "Encyclopaedia" was really the public edition: in its drawing up have taken part about 150 authors from cities hardly probable not all allied and autonomous republics USSR: here there was Moscow, Kiev, Tbilisi, Baku, Kishinev, Frunze, Ashkhabad, Kazan, Sukhumi, Grozny, Ulan-Ude, Izhevsk, Cheboksary, Ordzhonikidze, Ioshkar Ola, Syktyvkar, Barnaul … It only capitals, the main cities. And still — Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, Kuibyshev, Saratov, Kirov, Voronezh, Ivanov, Stavropol, Tula, Irkutsk, Vladimir, Tambov, Penza, Astrakhan, But-vocherkassk, Pyatigorsk, Borisoglebsk, Kolomna, Gatchina, Tarhany, Pushkin, Kislovodsk, Kharkov, Donetsk, Exactly, Dzhambul, Tartu, Daugavpils, the Yaroslavl area … Here it, an evident picture of yesterday's live commonwealth of the Soviet people! But it is more than that, articles for "Encyclopedia" have presented also authors from the USA, Poland, GDR, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria … So, rightfully it is possible to tell, what is it work of the international character. At me only one claim to "Encyclopedia": the rhyme «Farewell, dirty Russia» in it is presented, as was led from the very beginning, Lermontov's composition. However, well, job in which I deny it, I managed to print in magazine "Word" (in reduction) and "Kuban" (completely) only per 1989-1991, i.e., after ten years after the "Encyclopedia" exit. And here after so long break in a year before last in Leningrad there was a two-volume encyclopaedic dictionary With.  V.Belova «Dostoevsky and its environment» (SPb. Aletejja, the Russian national library). And more recently, it is literally just in publishing house "Algorithm" in excellent registration there were two encyclopaedias successively: "Gogol" V.Sokolova and "Dostoevsky" N.Rosedkina. Strictly speaking, the first of these two is not shirokoohvatnoj the encyclopaedia, and Pushkin and its environment »Cherejsky,« Dostoevsky and its environment »Belova or, still more religiously, to such, as« Pushkin's Companions »Veresayev belongs on type to such books, as«. And Sergey Rosedkina's job, the author of books «Dostoevsky: a portrait through the author's text» (Tambov, 2001) and «Dostoevsky's Suicide» (M: the Algorithm, 2002), is an encyclopaedia. It contains a short biographic sketch and three basic has undressed: « Products "," Characters "and" Round Dostoevsky ». In it it is valid for the first time in the world literature on Dostoevsky are collected under one cover of data practically about all products and heroes of the writer, about the critic, about the people surrounding it, about the concepts connected with his name. But would be completely not thin to add with section «Dostoevsky and the present». At least to tell some words what after all other present authors well have absolutely transformed a name of the classic into a bludgeon and boss it with surprising quickness. For example, not so long ago the youth group has fallen upon known Victor Yerofeev for pohabshchinu in its writing. And it in the answer as last and incontestable trump: yes as supposedly you dare, you still have not read all Dostoevsky!. It is possible to think, that he has read … And Ilja Glazunov and Nikita Mikhalkov, before recent time in religiousness not noticed, now at each opportunity teach and convict: «the Atheist cannot be Russian!. Not the orthodox cannot be Russian! So Dostoevsky spoke!» Actually so Sergey Stavrogin, the hero of "Demons" (PSS, t spoke. 10, with. 197). And whether it is not enough that characters speak. Colonel Skalozub used to say: «to Collect books all yes to burn!» And Griboedov should for it answer? Besides, when Peter Verhovensky has reminded Stavroginu the given words, it has doubted the authorship. Not wishing to steal a march on experts in Dostoevsky whom, it is necessary to think, will in details express last listed jobs, I wish and to make this time only one preliminary remark on the second of them, more correctly, the remark in connection with article fragment just about "Demons": «In the XX-th century revolutionaries of all colours furiously struggled with this book. And.  M.Gorky not unsuccessfully opposed statements of"Demons"on scene MHATa in 1913, in Soviet Union this novel long time was not published and has been enlisted by the Soviet literary criticism in the category of"reactionary". First, expression «revolutionaries of all colours» involuntarily induces to doubt that before us the job really having «as much as possible objective character» as it is promised in the publishing summary. Secondly, I believe, that in the encyclopaedia it is not necessary to use such foggy and unsteady words and «expressions as« it is not unsuccessful "or" long time ». What stands up for the first — statement cancellation? But after all it has taken place. What for second-fifty years? Thirdly, bitter was completely not lonely in the protest against instsenirovanija"Demons". In 1907 the novel dramatized at theatre Suvorina and then it has called numerous protests for, fourthly, in« the category reactionary »this novel has been enlisted" not by the Soviet literary criticism, and long before it. Fifthly, if doubtfully "not unsuccessful" performance Bitter against "Demons" in interests of "as much as possible objective character» editions should be recollected and undoubtedly successful performance of the great writer in support of the novel is mentioned. When in 1935 publishing house "Academia" has let out the novel "Demons", it has called the sharp protest of rather active and known journalist D.Zaslavskogo during that time . It has acted in "Truth" where worked then and many years later, with article entitled «Literary decay» … (Almost quarter of the century later, on October, 26th, 1958 in the same newspaper Zaslavsky will act with article about Pasternak where will name the big artist «a literary weed»). Maxim Gorkogo's reaction to article Zaslavsky about "Demons" was accurate: « My relation to Dostoevsky has developed for a long time, to change — cannot, but in this case irresolutely I support the edition "Academy" of the novel "Demons" … In an estimation of "Demons" Zaslavsky has gone too far, speaking: «artly weak product». It is incorrect. The novel "Demons" is written much more accurately and less carelessly, than many other things Dostoevsky's books and, together with Karamazovymi, its most successful novel »… It has been printed on January, 24th, 1935 simultaneously in"Truth"and in« the Literary newspaper ». Here it would be pertinent-tell and that Bitter, quite often addressing to Dostoevsky and resolutely rejecting "dostoevshchinu", "karamazovshchinu", always, unlike many other things critics of the writer, put it on force of talent in one number with Shakespeare and Goethe, with Pushkin and Tolstoy. And at the heart of the relation Bitter to statement of "Demons" the thought stated by it in the answer to supporters and hvaliteljam of statement laid: «Bitter not against Dostoevsky and against Dostoevsky's novels were staged … Both Dostoevsky is great, and Tolstoy is ingenious, and all of you, misters if it is necessary for you, are talented, clever, but Russia and its people — is more considerable, more expensive than Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and even Pushkin, not speaking about all of us … Not Stavroginyh it is necessary for it to show now, and something absolutely another. The vivacity sermon is necessary, spiritual health, act, instead of self-scrutiny is necessary, return to an energy source — to democracy, to the people, to the public and a science is necessary. Enough already samooplevyvany, replacing at us self-criticism …» As today it is told! Certainly, the reader would like to have concrete idea and that the novel long time means «it was not published». As is known, after Dostoevsky who has left after his death per 1882-1883 with the foreword of N.Strahova's 13-languid full collected works , in 1895 the full collected works in 14 volumes have followed. And in 1911 in Petersburg by publishing house "Education" it has been begun 23-languid PSS. In trudnejshie years after October revolution it was not is interrupted, neither thrown, nor forgotten, and last volumes have safely reached the reader already during Soviet time, — so, there there were no "Demons"? Per 1926-1930 the first Soviet edition on a scientific basis of works of art in 13 volumes (plus of 4 volumes of letters) is carried out, — and there there were no "Demons"? About the separate edition of the novel in 1935 it is already told. Then there were collected works in 10, in 15 volumes, at last, per 1972-1990 in publishing house "Science" — full collected works in 30 volumes, — and it without the ill-fated novel? No, it there is available. Moreover circulation in 200 thousand. Is reasonably useful to remind, that all after revolution, by data for November, 1981 (by century from the date of death of the writer), in our country Dostoevsky was published 428 times, meetings his composition — 55 times in circulation millions 468 thousand, and total circulation of its editions — 34 million 408 thousand copies ("News". On November, 11th 1981). It turns out on the average essentially over 500 thousand annually. Where here the writer, «inaccessible to reading» how assured once A.Solzhenitsyn? Besides during Soviet time the huge literature on Dostoevsky is created. It is a pity, that such data are not present in N.Rosedkina's encyclopaedia . As there are no also data on anniversaries, monuments, Dostoevsky's museums, on its tomb. And meanwhile, unless it is not remarkable, that the first monument to the writer has been put by the Soviet power in 1918 in Moscow in Color parkway; in 1921 in Moscow and Petrograd centenary from the date of its birth was solemnly celebrated, in 1922 in honour of the writer have renamed 1st Mariinsky lane, and in 1928 in a building of the former Mariinsky hospital for poor on New Bozhedomke where his father worked as the doctor and where the writer was born. The Soviet power has opened its museum to which court yard, by the way, in 1936 and have transferred from Color parkway a monument of job  of S.D.Merkurova, the famous during that time of the sculptor. As to the relation of the Soviet literary criticism to "Demons" and to Dostoevsky as a whole, that, coming back to it, it is necessary to underline, that it was not unequivocal and fallen asleep. However, we will repeat, as well as during lifetime of the writer, as well as after death before October revolution. Dostoevsky the writer difficult, inconsistent, difficult. It to like hardly. From Feodor Mihajlovicha's large writers only one Vladimir Nabokov as it is possible to think very favoured, reading recent article in «the New newspaper» (№52) «the largest expert in Dostoevsky» Lyudmilas Saraskinoj. She could mention here at least still Alexander Solzhenitsyna's idol., in spite of the fact that drew a picture of inaccessibility to the Soviet reader of books Dostoevsky, simultaneously accused the writer of aspiration "to tear apart and touch", and its Omsk penal servitude simply derided: before supposedly there it was free, that prisoners in white trousers went in the summer. Companion does not know, that to that time and in battle went in white trousers. And Dostoevsky under white trousers had shackles ("melkozvon") about which Alexander Isaevich only in books read yes at cinema saw. Instead of to a place to mention here Solzhenitsyna, m-m Saraskina not so to a place has informed us that «People have reached conditions when there is nothing to wish more». Also what? As that! «The human history comes to an end …« But while we still have time, we will remind, that if, according to L.Saraskinoj, «Nabokov hated Dostoevsky», and Solzhenitsyn envied its white trousers, perhaps, about other big artists of it to tell it is impossible, but nevertheless its Chekhov obviously did not like, Bunin simply hated and considered, that it meaningly scoffs at the reader. Tchaikovsky wrote to the brother: «Dostoevsky ingenious, but the antipathetic writer. The more I read, the more it weighs me». By the way, in article about composer N.Rosedkin writes: « Tchaikovsky was present at opening of a monument to Pushkin at Moscow, communicated there with Dostoevsky, and there is an opinion what exactly after passionate Pushkin speech of the writer the composer has changed the ending of an opera "Evgenie Onegin" in which originally Tatyana fell in embraces Onegina ». It is thought, such"opinions"should be left outside of serious books. Tchaikovsky it to you not the Novel Viktyuk or ZHitinkin. As when in 1880 Peter Ilich listened Dostoevsky's to Pushkin speech, the opera"Evgenie Onegin"was two years as is written. Solzhenitsyn still assured, that during Soviet time «Dostoevsky have worn». Yes, there were such regrettable episodes, as Victor Shklovsky's performance at the First congress of the Soviet writers where he has told: «I think, we should feel, that if Feodor Mihajlovich here has come, we could judge it, as people, which destinies of the world» judge the traitor, as people, which today (are responsible for the First All-Union congress of the Soviet writers. A verbatim record. M, 1997. With. 154). However in Shklovsky's late book "Pro and contra" (1957) about Dostoevsky anything similar already is not present. And "have really worn" Dostoevsky, we will tell once again, not during Soviet time, and at his life and up to revolution. Here, for example, placed and in the encyclopaedia «Belinsky's Message to Dostoevsky»: The hero of a sad figure, Dostoevsky, lovely pyshch, On a literature nose You glow, as a new spot … etc. Pyshch — nadutyj, the pompous person. And after all Kurochkin or Minaev, and Nekrasov and Turgenev have composed it not. And «to dump from a present steamship» Dostoevsky Damian Bednyj, not Sasha Cherny, and Majakovsky offered shortly before October not. Yes after all and Dostoevsky "has worn" someone: the same Turgeneva, Saltykova-ShChedrina, later — Belinsky, Granovsky … Speaking about the relation to Dostoevsky during Soviet time, it is impossible to hold back and about numerous, since mhatovskih, theatrical performances on its products: "Demons", «the Uncle's dream», «Village Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants», a "Crime and punishment" … And how much films! Here "White nights", "Idiot" and three-serial «Brothers Karamazovy» Ivan Pyreva, and a "Crime and punishment" of Lion Kulidzhanova, both Alexey Batalov's "Player", and Evgenie Tashkova's "Teenager", and «Twenty six days from Dostoevsky's life» Alexander Zarhi too. Yes after all it is necessary to name and Vladimir Bortko's recent ten-serial television movie "Idiot". It is thought, N.Rosedkina's encyclopaedia will be republished, and to see good it more full. Vladimir BUSHIN "Patriot", 2003, № 49
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© Rosedkin Sergey Nikolaevich, 2001
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